Answers

Should I license SQL Server per CAL or per core?

Short answer

Per-CAL (Server+CAL) is cheaper when you have fewer than ~25 named users hitting the database — typically internal LOB apps. Per-core is required for any internet-facing app, for SQL Enterprise above 24 cores, and is usually cheaper above 25 users.

The longer explanation

The Server+CAL model licences one SQL Server plus a CAL for every user or device that reads, writes, or runs a query — direct or via middleware. It fits internal line-of-business apps with a knowable user count and no anonymous internet traffic.

Per-core licences every physical core (four-core minimum per socket) and covers unlimited users. It is required for internet-facing workloads, is the only model available for SQL Enterprise on servers above 24 cores, and typically wins the price race above 25–30 named users. If you virtualise, per-core also unlocks unlimited VMs per licensed host under SA.

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