Guía de compra
SQL Server — Server+CAL frente a Por núcleo
Decida entre los dos modelos de licencias de SQL Server con un cálculo claro del punto de equilibrio y ejemplos prácticos.
Los dos modelos
Microsoft vende SQL Server Standard de dos formas: licencia de servidor + CAL de usuario/dispositivo, o licencias por núcleo. La edición Enterprise es únicamente por núcleo.
Las licencias por núcleo se venden en packs de 2 núcleos con un mínimo de 4 núcleos por procesador. Debe licenciar todos los núcleos físicos del equipo, no solo los que usa SQL.
Cuándo resulta más conveniente Server+CAL
Server+CAL es más económica cuando el número de usuarios es conocido, limitado y pequeño. Aplicaciones internas, backends de ERP, herramientas de BI utilizadas por un equipo de finanzas u operaciones definido.
Como regla general, con menos de ~50 usuarios nominales en la edición Standard, Server+CAL es la opción más barata.
Cuándo resulta más conveniente Por núcleo (y cuándo es obligatoria)
Por núcleo es obligatoria cuando la carga de trabajo está orientada a internet, es anónima o la acceden poblaciones de usuarios desconocidas o muy numerosas. Aplicaciones web públicas, portales de clientes, cualquier servicio expuesto a tráfico anónimo.
Por núcleo también resulta más conveniente en servidores de pocos o medianos núcleos con muchos usuarios — a partir de ~50 usuarios en un servidor de 4 a 8 núcleos, Por núcleo alcanza el punto de equilibrio.
Ejemplo práctico
Empresa mediana con una aplicación interna de RR. HH.: servidor de 8 núcleos, 40 usuarios nominales de RR. HH. Server+CAL es la opción evidente: 1 licencia de servidor + 40 CAL.
La misma empresa añade un portal público de candidatos sobre la misma base de datos — ese tráfico es anónimo, por lo que las licencias Por núcleo son ahora obligatorias para esa carga de trabajo.
Licencias recomendadas
SQL Server 2022 Standard
Perpetual · Server + CAL or Per-Core
Mainstream SQL Server 2022 for departmental and small-business workloads.
SQL Server 2022 Enterprise
Perpetual · Per-Core
Enterprise SQL 2022 — unlimited scale, full HA, advanced analytics.
SQL Server 2022 User CAL — 5-pack
5 User CALs · SQL 2022
5 SQL Server 2022 User CALs (Server+CAL licensing).
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